Reason

American Heritage Dictionary

The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought; intelligence.
理智，理性：进行逻辑推理、理性思维或分析判断的能力；智力


"reason." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite . (2006).

In philosophy, the faculty or process of drawing logical inferences. The term “reason” is also used in several other, narrower senses. Reason is in opposition to sensation, perception, feeling, desire, as the faculty (the existence of which is denied by empiricists) by which fundamental truths are intuitively apprehended. These fundamental truths are the causes or “reasons” of all derivative facts. According to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, reason is the power of synthesizing into unity, by means of comprehensive principles, the concepts that are provided by the intellect. That reason which gives a priori principles Kant calls “pure reason,” as distinguished from the “practical reason,” which is specially concerned with the performance of actions. In formal logic the drawing of inferences (frequently called “ratiocination,” from Latin ratiocinari, “to use the reasoning faculty”) is classified from Aristotle on as deductive (from generals to particulars) and inductive (from particulars to generals).

在哲学范畴中，"reason" 表示进行逻辑推理的能力或方法。"reason" 这一术语也被用于个别一些狭义的场合。"reason" 是相对于感觉、知觉、感受、期望等这些对基本事实直觉上的理解能力而言的（经验主义者否认这种能力的存在）。这些基本事实是所有派生事物的原因或前提。根据德国哲学家伊曼纽尔·康德的观点，"reason" 是指通过可以理解的原理，将智力产生的观点综合统一起来的能力。那些能够得出先验原则的 "reason"，康德称之为“纯粹理性”，用以同那些专门和实施行为建立起联系的“实践理性”相区分。在正式的逻辑推理中（常被称为 "“ratiocination"，源自拉丁文 "ratiocinari"，利用推力能力），从亚里士多德以来，被分为演绎（从一般到特殊）和归纳（从特殊到一般）。

In theology, reason, as distinguished from faith, is the human intelligence exercised upon religious truth whether by way of discovery or by way of explanation. The limits within which the reason may be used have been laid down differently in different churches and periods of thought: on the whole, modern Christianity, especially in the Protestant churches, tends to allow to reason a wide field, reserving, however, as the sphere of faith the ultimate (supernatural) truths of theology.

神学范畴中，"reason" 和信仰不同，是在宗教真理之上通过发现或是解释来运用人类的思想。这一理性的界限在不同的教派和思想时期有着不同的诠释：基本上，现代基督教，特别是新教 派，倾向于在宽泛的领域内有所保留的承认理性，将其当作是神学意义上对终极（超自然）真理信仰的一个层面。